Veterinary Q & A - Torn Toenail First Aid

Q.: My dog ripped his toenail and it is bleeding -- help.
A.: Most dog owners have been through this scenario at some point. You notice some blood, dog licking at a paw, limping, or yelping...then find that ghastly torn nail. Ouch. The bleeding is usually stopped by the time the dog is seen at the vet's office, but the nail must still be attended to.

Every dog is different -- you know your dog best, but remember that when injured, a dog will instinctively try to protect himself. This means that your dog may reflexively bite or snarl at you, not really "meaning" to. If there is any doubt, it is wise to use a muzzle.

First thing is to remove any of the broken part of nail that may still be attached. This broken end only causes the dog more pain and may increase or continue the bleeding every time the torn piece is disturbed. The quickest way to do this is with a dog toenail clipper. Sometimes the piece is barely hanging on and they can be pulled off (quickly) with your hand.

Secondly, the injured nail needs to be gently washed off. Warm water to remove any debris lodged between the nail and the toe or leg.

If there is active bleeding, apply gentle but firm pressure with a clean cloth to the area. A firm grasp around the entire foot works best if the dog will allow it.

Often this type of injury leaves a bloody "stump" of bone that would normally be safe inside the toenail housing. This is very tender and sensitive. It is advisable to have your vet take a look at this type of injury. If a large amount of toenail has been removed, most vets will bandage the area and prescribe a short course of antibiotics as prophylaxis against infection. Another method is to use an antibiotic ointment (with frequent bandage changes) on the stump for lubrication and reduced friction and pain.

Q: Oh no! I cut my dog's toenail too short. What can I do?
A: It is a good idea to have shaving alum or styptic pencils at home for general first aid -- when a nail is accidentally cut too short, you have the necessary tools on hand to stop bleeding. Alum and styptic pencils can be purchased over the counter at drug stores in the first aid supply area.

If you don't have alum or a styptic pencil, you can use flour or corn starch to help stop bleeding. Pack a small amount in the cut nail end and apply pressure. Holding ice on the cut surface (if the dog will allow) will also help stop bleeding.

Additional Reading:
Step-by-Step: How To How to Take Care of Torn Toenails in a Dog or Cat
Toenail Trimming - Cats
Excellent photo tutorial on how to trim a cat's nails and the tools you will need. From Washington State University.
Toenail Trimming - Dogs
Excellent photo tutorial on how to trim a dog's nails. From Washington State University.
Glossary Term: Polydactyl
Emergency! Are You Prepared?

Text: Copyright © Janet Tobiassen Crosby. All rights reserved.